Palabras clave
multirrresistencia a antibióticos
islas Shetland del Sur
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Resumen
En este estudio 50 aislados bacterianos obtenidos de muestras de suelo antártico prístino, de las islas Rey George y Greenwich (Islas Shetland del Sur), y 25 aislados bacterianos de la rizósfera de Deschampsia antarctica Desv, se emplearon para determinar su capacidad antimicrobiana y su respuesta a 21 antibióticos. La susceptibilidad a los antibióticos se evaluó siguiendo el método de difusión en disco utilizando diferentes grupos de antibióticos: penicilinas, cefalosporinas, carbapenémicos, aminoglicósidos, quinolonas, tetraciclina, fenicoles, macrólidos, sulfonamidas y trimetoprim. La producción de compuestos antimicrobianos por los aislados bacterianos antárticos se determinó mediante el método de difusión en agar, utilizando como indicadores un panel de bacterias patógenas humanas Gram positivo y Gram negativo.
Los aislados bacterianos estudiados mostraron resistencia a 14 (67%) de los 21 antibióticos probados. Tres aislados bacterianos (4%) fueron resistentes a al menos un antibiótico y 47 (63%) fueron multirresistentes. Además, 26 aislados bacterianos (35%) no muestran actividad antimicrobiana y fueron susceptibles a todos los antibióticos estudiados. Finalmente, 27 aislados bacterianos (36%) combinaron actividad antimicrobiana y resistencia múltiple a antibióticos y en promedio presentaron resistencia a 10 antibióticos.
Los aislados bacterianos que combinan actividad antimicrobiana y resistencia múltiple a los antibióticos son especialmente interesantes ya que es probable que estas dos capacidades proporcionen una ventaja competitiva a las bacterias antárticas para permitirles sobrevivir en un entorno hostil. Adicionalmente, estos aislados bacterianos son nuevas fuentes potenciales de compuestos activos para el control de microorganismos patógenos.
Citas
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