Palabras clave
aves silvestres
vigilancia viral
canal Beagle
ecorregión subantártica de Magallanes
Cómo citar
Resumen
Los virus de influenza aviar (VIA) son patógenos importantes en aves acuáticas silvestres a nivel mundial; sin embargo, su presencia en regiones subantárticas sigue siendo en gran medida desconocida. Para abordar esta brecha en el conocimiento, se presentan aquí datos de vigilancia obtenidos en la Reserva de la Biosfera Cabo de Hornos, en el extremo sur de Chile, durante las temporadas reproductivas australes de 2024-2025. En total, se recolectaron 352 muestras fecales de sitios costeros, islotes y aves paserinas en programas de monitoreo a largo plazo. Solo una muestra ambiental obtenida en Punta Gusano en enero de 2024 resultó positiva mediante RT-PCR en tiempo real (Ct 36,78), lo que corresponde a una tasa de detección del 0,625 %, mientras que todas las muestras de paserinos y de la temporada 2025 fueron negativas. Este único resultado débilmente positivo sugiere introducciones virales ocasionales, pero no hay evidencia de circulación sostenida. El hallazgo coincide con informes previos que muestran una dinámica activa de VIA en el norte y centro de Chile, pero una actividad muy limitada en la Patagonia. Asimismo, concuerda con los pocos casos confirmados de influenza aviar altamente patogénica H5N1 del clado 2.3.4.4b registrados en el extremo sur de Chile durante el brote de 2023. En conjunto, estas observaciones sugieren que el extremo sur de Chile sigue estando mínimamente afectado por los VIA. No obstante, su proximidad a la Antártida y su ubicación en la intersección de importantes rutas migratorias resaltan la importancia de mantener la vigilancia en estos ecosistemas remotos.
Citas
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2026 Fernanda Sánchez-Rodríguez, Natalia Guzmán, Juan Rivero de Aguilar, Carlos E. Valeris-Chacín, Ricardo Rozzi, Pedro Jimenez Bluhm